Child physical abuse risk factors: A systematic review and a meta-analysis

Child physical abuse (CPA) is a pervasive societal problem with serious outcomes. Understanding CPA risk factors necessary to identify those at for perpetration and inform efforts prevent the occurrence of CPA. The present study provides an updated review conceptual models CPA, model-related factors, meta-analytic found in cross-sectional, case-controlled studies. yielded >70 explanatory from which >140 putative were extracted. A three-level random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Database literature searches 58 studies that met inclusion criteria 300 effect size (ES) estimates identified. In meta-analysis, 292 ESs placed into 38 factor domains. Twenty significant individual domain ES five relationship found. Future simultaneously consider protective within between ecological levels establish causal are needed better prevention treatment efforts. • models. More than 140 extracted 25 domains